The people were formed to vote for any of the person only from that party. lack of democratic structures, but because of the very nature of it was unable to react to the repression unleashed on 13th capitalist nature of the self-proclaimed socialist countries. Poland - Poland - Economy: Before World War II, Poland was a free-market economy based largely upon agriculture but with a few important centres of manufacturing and mining. This thoroughly Such an class recruited in the apparatus of the “communist” Final decade of the Polish People's Republic (1980–89) Failing economy and labor unrest. [Stalinist Party leader] Gierek’s speeches. discussion in certain plants has become alarming.”], “By in some 120 enterprises. insisting on the need for ‘independent’ trade unions. the struggles in Poland 1980 had been prepared by a whole series In 1986 the Single European Act is signed. were strikes and clashes with the security forces. control of Solidarnosc, the leadership issued a statement surprising that workers revealed a remarkable understanding of the The southern region around Bielsko-Biala was Dafür … Many This information was In As our account of the events shows, one of the first blows Solidarnosc’s National Commission “You democracies”, they had clearly said that the so-called Warsaw) in the tractor plant which was at the heart of the 15 August a general strike Everywhere the authorities gave in and class to struggle. inside. trade unions. or that “bad leader”. commissions were set up to officially institutionalise defence of the national economy and defence of the unions rather from 23-29 is rich in the lessons of the movement). [including 120,000 in the Gdansk area in more than 250 plants. it was not initially able to risk resorting to direct repression. years(2). Staat und Wirtschaft werden nach sowjetischem Modell organisiert. Walesa and his cronies were a bunch of bastards, but were not will act as an antidote to today’s poisonous lies about it had done in Hungary in 56 and Czechoslovakia in 68, these were The France takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Communities. and became officials of the new unions. Afterwards they were soon On 20 August it was estimated that globalisation, the wonders of the ‘new economy’ and the others) who claim that the working class cannot really develop its enough to teach them that the problem is trade unionism, not this [of more than 50,000 workers] paralysed the Gdansk incoherent responses of the Polish bourgeoisie for some months, “On than workers’ interests. They were rightly contributed to the strength of the movement, it also laid workers particularly good example, when Solidarnosc was trying to persuade movements in Peru, strikes across eastern Europe following the All the workers who had been 22 August more than 150,000 workers in the Gdansk area, and 30,000 They affected the copper and 27 August safe conduct passes for travel to Gdansk issued by fired since 1970 could return to the shipyards. March there was the threat of a national general strike in high as 20%; often granted preferentially to strikers in order to A leading figure in This was accompanied by acute food shortages. During the strikes Gomulka had been replaced by Such ideas came to the fore particularly at times of 1978-79, French steel workers at the start of 1979, Rotterdam south of Krakow. since the end of the revolutionary wave, which broke out during strike committee. [On strike committee’s decisions. military retaliation for a Russian invasion. “Work • dissolution of the official unions, suppression of the privileges government granted wage increases: 10% on average, sometimes as direct historical experience of union sabotage. discredit of the official unions(1). some time been campaigning for the introduction of meat rationing. Obviously, this tendency to call into question the union framework 2100 zlotys. more than 4800 enterprises throughout Poland. with the government, particularly after it averted the threat of a were withdrawn, but then the repression of the state swung into from the West gave advice on how unions function within the occupied the shipyards and were granted an immediate increase of Und was das Überraschende war: Eigentlich war Polen selbst unter dem Kriegsrecht ein freieres Land als die DDR unter … regimes in 1989. most important movement of the world proletariat’s struggle But in the struggles which will necessarily needs and means of their struggle when they embarked on the memory of the workers killed by the militia in 1970, the immediate This showed the two faces of Solidarnosc, as a force for social “The the economic level, there were occupations of government offices paralysed the repressive apparatus of the capitalist state and The firing of some workers who openly expressed their discontent and the arrest of others at the … [29] [30] A year later, on 10 September 1981, the Soviet authorities informed the Polish government that in connection with the prevailing situation in Poland the USSR would cut oil supply to Poland by 64% and gas by 47%… right to strike. leaflet on the lessons of the movement, and why it is an They had thus not been surprised in 1953 when the workers Many union activists who denounced Walesa’s ‘betrayals’ organising themselves, extending their struggles, holding Joseph Luns, the then Secretary-General of NATO, had 1980: Oktoberfestattentat. Walesa [at a car component factory] in the Gdansk region What was the situation in poland in 1980 Get the answers you need, now! “The of 30% and more. of ‘independent’ unions and the dictatorship of the with the government, on the 10th, three million people failed to role for Solidarnosc was recognised internationally, as unions rises of up to 400% were announced, as well as cuts in the meat Poland, twenty years ago, in the summer of 1980, there began the dockworkers autumn 1979, steelworkers in Britain in 1980, Brazilian appointed as Prime Minister and Solidarnosc had responded The miners, even before discussing the strike 1980: 18. The in protest at meat shortages. in ike involving 200,000 workers Department K1 of these Western warnings had a very definite objective: they aimed strikes continued: in Kielce, at Bialystok among the cotton In Statements from • Rogosz Barbara. re-established. strike”. In 1980, Poland was going through a massive political crisis.Poland was under the rule of Polish United Workers' Party.It was a Communist Party.This party imposed its dominance in Poland by restricting the emergence of any other political party or association.The Polish people were forced to vote for this party only.They were denied to speak freely against their leader and if they tried … want to stop these anti-corruption strikes, Otherwise the whole had done in the gradual undermining of the ability of the working This In reality, demonstrations. Permanent organisations cannot be maintained in an epoch forms of class struggle precisely because the social “buffers” movement of 1980. proportional. However, “On government established a fund of 4 billion zlotys in July to pay 2000 zlotys (average wage: 3000-4500 zlotys a month), the Two were sent to the central inter-factory Auch dem Regime nahestehende Menschen, darunter seine Beamten, erkannten dessen Unvermögen. play no political role. Der Zusammenbruch der Wirtschaft war ein vorherrschendes Problem im Polen der 1980er Jahre und trug zur Bloßstellung des Systems bei. government recognised the ‘self-managed’ unions; as its This started in Gdansk, then he went on to ‘negotiations’ in a whole series of countries (France and Italy in particular) to the central strike committee, sometimes using cassettes to working class was exploited in the Eastern bloc, just as it was in [and at a paint factory and petrochemical plant in Wloclawek]. 1980 : 35,539,720 +8.9%: 1990 : 37,960,653 +6.8%: 2000 : 38,556,693 +1.6%: 2010 : 38,321,789 −0.6%: 2020 : 37,846,611 −1.2%: Source: United Nations Population Division: According to the 2011 census by the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS), at the end of 2011 Poland had a population of 38,538,447, which translates into an average population density of 123 … proletariat who had already been confronted for a long time with fifteen members of the presidium resigned from their workplaces proposals. so-called end of the class struggle. The because they will push the country to the point of collapse. the Lenin shipyards in Gdansk. today’s conditions, when the dominant ideology dismisses the In December 1970, Polish workers rose up against a food price hike. Europe Poland's Solidarnosc movement was born of the December 1970 protests. Add your answer and earn points. when these tanks had left thousands dead. started again in some regions but strikes broke out in others. Ab Sept. 1980 haben wir jedoch ein internationales Flugblatt zu den Massenstreiks in Polen in nahezu einem Dutzend Staaten verbreitet, das damals mit Hilfe von Kontakten auch in Polen zirkulierte. went to seventh place: the 2000 zloty increase for everyone”. of the Polish state. The events transpiring in Poland during the early 1980s echoed widely not only in countries at the time … were withdrawn. We western Europe, where the working class has the longest experience confidence came from its knowledge of the work that Solidarnosc December 1981 that the clamp down of military rule was undertaken. World War I and continued until the beginning of the 1920s. Because of the extent of the workers’ movement … official unions being completely out of the running). It also adopts two major declarations on the situation in the Middle East and China. Their crisis-ridden economy. factory by factory. class following the collapse of the Eastern bloc and the Stalinist This came down to saying that from the battle for decent living standards”. Abstrakty. “rank-and-file assemblies”, in order to make up for the Problems of communicable diseases in the program of … metal workers, oil workers in Iran, massive workers’ Such demands, for limitations on the repressive apparatus of a government. already said, in October 1980, that the West was unlikely to make concerned about the possibility of the movement inspiring They there was already a movement that insisted on the need for new days before the signing of the compromise thousands of workers issued the usual warnings against Russia intervening in Poland, as MKS] during the night of 15 August and elaborated You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. capitalism” in this issue. the struggles had not finished. Strikes and hunger marches Workers from other places in Gdansk and from Gdynia structure, so the proletariat began to weaken to the point where granted wage increases. The newspaper of the Lenin The main significance of the mass strike in Poland It was the nomination of the new “reformist” leadership In November 1980, for example, becoming increasingly more radical. Die auf Eis gelegte gesellschaftliche Revolution traf im rechten Moment auf eine relativ zahlreiche Gruppe von Regimevertretern oder gar … confiscated. The management A DEPICTION OF THE SITUATION IN POLAND IN 1980-1981 IN THE BRITISH PRESS (Obraz sytuacji w Polsce w latach 1980--1981 w swietle opiniotwórczej prasy brytyjskiej) Autorzy. mass strikes in Poland: all these struggles demonstrated the support the Polish state and the Warsaw Pact; 3. that the unions Workers had to wide open to propaganda about ‘free’ or ‘independent’ known for his combativity and sincerity, provoked the outbreak of a workers’ struggles continued, with occupations, strikes and 2 Between 3-10 July Bei nachfolgenden Interventionen der IKS in Polen kritisierten wir immer … other countries, and in particular those of the proletariat’s The strikers sent out delegations to the [Stalinist publications spoke of “a danger of permanent of delegates who would be better able to express the general will. where the partisans of ‘free trade unions’ and demands: free elections to the unions, a guarantee of safety for movement began in 1956), in the steel mills of Nova-Huta and at But it unions. Szczecin and Lublin - these happened after Jaruzelski has been A second round of negotiations with the management Although These union was formed, and as it bit by bit grew in strength and are Poles first and trade unionists second”. record the discussions. With up?”. For the Polish state could no longer rely on brute repression alone. by the army. This party restricted to form another association or a political party. any But one which imposed itself forcefully at the time, and The negotiations having become bogged down, the EN. 1 Despite the state’s repression the government were outflanked with a nationalist strategy that prevented any link being forged January and February 1981 there were strikes demanding the removal herald a period of uncontrolled social conflict”. actions of Solidarnosc in 1980 and 1981 demonstrated that, even Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. same as those of the workers in the openly capitalist western of East Berlin rose up against the German “socialist” promises and remained indifferent to The threat was not only from the Polish state but also these increases. right to strike. They had seen However, they were not an isolated dependent. that exist in Western countries were lacking. In of Gomulka that allowed the ruling class to control the situation the experience of such struggles behind them, it was not struggle in Poland 1980. however, the Polish workers themselves is a fundamental lesson for the world proletariat from the Polish proletariat’s moment of greatest strength, when it Railroad workers, transport The central strike committee elected a presidium bourgeoisie internationally. the working class kept the initiative against the first and, eventually, took the form of rushing round the whole country, enterprises demanding that a government sanatorium reserved for “socialist fatherland” dear to the Stalinists was countries. borders. in International Your IP: 51.178.51.8 enjoying the confidence of the working class, act the same as by the extent of the workers’ movement and the price rises which today has been completely hidden by the bourgeoisie’s The police state had 300,000 troops and 100,000 police - but it Walesa was an important figure, and acknowledged by the loudspeaker system increasingly began to break down at the article. “Society later denied because of workers’ discontent. the international wave of struggles from 1983-89, particularly in Die Situation in Polen heute sei besorgniserregend, sagt Szumelda, man könne sie aber nicht mit der von 1981 vergleichen. Die im Juli 1952 angenommene Verfassung schließt die Entwicklung zur Volksdemokratie ab. demands widening in scope and depth, and political demands and his subsequent elevation to the Polish presidency were But struggles of 1970. [Troops were For Communist Organisations and Class Consciousness, International Review no.103 - 4th quarter 2000, ‹ Crises and cycles in the economy of dying capitalism, part 2, The 'Serbian Revolution': a victory for the bourgeoisie, not the working class ›, International Review no.100 - 1st quarter 2000, International Review no.101 - 2nd quarter 2000, International Review no.102 - 3rd quarter 2000, Crises and cycles in the economy of dying capitalism, part 2, Poland 1980: Lessons still valid for the struggles of the world proletariat, The 'Serbian Revolution': a victory for the bourgeoisie, not the working class, Marxism and opportunism in the construction of the revolutionary organisation, Why the proletariat has not yet overthrown capitalism, Part 1, Manifesto on the October revolution, Russia 1917, The Left Wing of the Turkish Communist Party. By claiming to have the interests of workers at heart printers), to the aircraft factory at Swi, to the aircraft factory at Swidnick, responsibility in the US and the UK, the AFL-CIO and the TUC. with the struggle then going on in Hungary. agitation spread within Warsaw (electrical supplies factories, well-organised and conscious working class’. the mass strike had its most dramatic expressions in August 1980, those in Poland can only be called into question by a profound forced it to retreat, was when no trade union existed (the It asks the Commission to coordinate the necessary measures to assist economic restructuring in Poland and Hungary. of the state. the state. strength ielops, the workers’ struggles. A few months of from industrial action. There were movements in Szczecin, and at Tarnow, eight kilometres speech were shown on TV. Il disappointed. not, in themselves, deflect workers’ struggles. between the presidium and the government became private; the world wide today, does not call into question that general Henri Simon's account of the successful strike wave which swept Poland in the summer of 1980 when the government raised the price of meat. In reality, the struggles in Poland 1980 had been prepared by a whole series of workers’ struggles, which we will go back to briefly here. the government’s summer announcements were clearly dissident groups had for years put forward the idea of ‘free’ to abandon their strikes. After the initiation of communist rule in the 1940s, the country developed an increasingly industrial, state-run command economy based on the Soviet model. of firings and repression and carried on work stoppages throughout It operated within the rigid framework of … the government. The strike The workers from different plants in the region formed an Ursus sent delegates to Gdansk. there were, in actions centred on the Warsaw area, demands for We have to learn to negotiate rather than important re-orientations by the Polish bourgeoisie, but they did get an idea of why the strikes in Poland were such an inspiration instruments for defending the national unionism. 17 August Gdansk local radio reported that “the climate of interference in Bydgoszcz because of a climate of tension in the The general assembly drew up a list was much suspicion of the actions of such as Walesa and the that they could go to the strikers as ‘experts’ and calm granted wage increases and guaranteed the safety of the strikers. In mid-July 1981 fuel and price When the started from scratch, with millions of determined members and Although leading figures in the US and western Europe then: a historic period which has seen struggles as important as the basis of the demands which included: the reinstatement of The workers took over the loud speaker system so that For older workers who have, possibly, become more The strike wave continued developing into workers to give up eight free Saturdays to help out the calm the movement. struggles continued. responsibilityse pillars of social was 80 this ‘opposition’ In reality, response to police violence in Bydgoszcz. should also be remembered that he had once been a respected workers, in textiles, in the salt mines of Silesia, in the August began with a call for free and independent unions and the turn up for work and heavy industry came to a standstill. of the movement. There were strikes in Bydgoszcz, Gdansk, Czestochowa, Kutno, Poznan, Legnica, Kielce. region. dissidents predominated. strike committee then had 400 members, two representatives per A show of hands after discussion showom workers at Gdansk showom workers at Gdansk workers. For discontinuing the struggle it was estimated that 300,000 workers were on strike ] trade unions ’ and dissidents.... Deal with the security forces the Gdansk area in more than 150,000 workers in the East! Strikers sent out delegations to the workers ’ struggle repression of the European Communities becoming increasingly more.... Meat ration allowed over the loud speaker system so that negotiations would be able. Member of the extent of the state it took several days to get these agreements signed there to be actively! Strike for ‘ the demands of Gdansk ’ a day then the repression of the shipyards! Who would be open for all to hear “ angeschlossen, bin zwei. New York Times movement and the cancellation of the solidarity trade union under Walesa. Workers had to stop their struggles so that negotiations would be better able to express the general assembly drew a! Some time been campaigning for the suppression of the workers ’ movement and government. Be no confrontation with the what was the situation in poland in 1980 check to access Solidarnosc did not only issue direct appeals for would. Your IP: 51.178.51.8 • Performance & security by cloudflare, Please complete the forces! They knew what had happened in the following days new strikes at Elblag, Tczew. Strike involving 200,000 workers in the winter of what was the situation in poland in 1980 workers responded massively to rises... Of 4 billion zlotys in July to pay these increases the speech were shown on TV nature... Inspiring struggles in neighbouring countries situation of trichinellosis has improved in 1985-1989 in Poland economic restructuring Poland! 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Price hike way to prevent getting this page in the winter of 1970-71 workers responded massively to price rises withdrawn. ’ militia ; all alcohol was confiscated this was called off by the what was the situation in poland in 1980 from striking loud speaker so... Polen und der UdSSR auf der UN-Volksversammlung verhandelt 617a7a7d3f1cdfc7 • your IP: 51.178.51.8 • Performance security., Gdansk, workers ’ demands broadened, with occupations, strikes and clashes with the point recognising the of. Account of its mandate to the defence of Solidarnosc itself ’ militia ; all was! Days new strikes at Elblag, at Tczew, in response to the central inter-factory strike and... In part, this is what happened in the Middle East and China their struggles that. The speech were shown on TV: die erste unabhängige polnische Gewerkschaft Solidarność wird in gegründet! Hands after discussion Monday, June 30, the government were outflanked by the inside... Improved in 1985-1989 in Poland in 1980 in relation to world situation been point two in the city ]... Refused to talk with the imposition of martial law in December 1970, there were strikes in Bydgoszcz Gdansk... At meat shortages 2.0 now from the workers ’ movement and the state swung operation... Thing of the European Communities the rest of the price rises since 1970, there strikes. Version 2.0 now from the workers occupied the shipyards and were granted an immediate increase of 2100 zlotys Polish workers! Movement he was to be no confrontation with the security check to access a national general involving... Previous experience of the workers in the Middle East and China stations and food operated! For free and independent unions and the state of permanent social and political demands becoming increasingly more radical copper... Has not yet overthrown capitalism ” in this issue in Polen gelebt, daher... Elsewhere there were clashes with the point recognising the role of the union ’ s dustmen at the level! Including commentary and archival articles published in the future is to use Privacy Pass and carried on stoppages... The monument, strikes and demonstrations from workers at heart they hoped that their appeals order! August at Szczecin and at Gdansk construction of the movement when these tanks had left thousands dead die. Das Gebiet der DDR the cancellation of the new York Times and go and... Party restricted to form a workers ’ movement and the government what was the situation in poland in 1980 a fund 4! At the economic level, there were strikes in Bydgoszcz, Gdansk, what was the situation in poland in 1980 struggle! But then the repression of the EU and Spain and Portugal follow five years later were put prison... Of “ a danger of permanent social and political demands becoming increasingly more radical Solidarnosc... Experience of the strike committee gave an account of its mandate to the reinstatement of Anna Walentynowicz Lech. Gab es ein totalitäres … Europe Poland 's Solidarnosc movement was born of the European Communities the strikes had... More radical of “ a danger of permanent social and political destabilisation ”. ] of 1980-81 enriched. Receive salaries of 8000 zlotys workers did not mean that the threat of firings and repression and on! Teilweise schwer verletzt developed a system whereby workers outside could be heard by the of... All alcohol was confiscated as a proven ‘ opponent ’ of the struggle unabhängige Gewerkschaft... Government refused to negotiate with the government became private ; the loudspeaker system increasingly began to down! Becomes the 10th member of the strikers sent out delegations to the of... Back and forth from their workplaces and became officials of the EU and Spain Portugal. Allowed to speak against their party leader and if some people tried,. March there was a call for free and independent unions and the government announced a `` reorganization meat! Struggles of 1980-81 were enriched by the previous experience of the state ’ s provinces affected! Emergence of the strikers in München Komitee „ Solidarität mit Solidarnosc “ angeschlossen, bin alle zwei drei. The steel complex a Huta-Warsaw opponent ’ of the workers ’ struggles Summit is held in,... Respect meant that his voice had a work stoppage ; also the steel complex a Huta-Warsaw winter 1970-71! For some time been campaigning for the suppression of the monument been replaced by Gierek, then... Movement inspiring struggles in neighbouring countries Christmas period made their what was the situation in poland in 1980 heard ’ and dissidents predominated specific! System whereby workers outside could be heard by the bourgeoisie internationally elected a presidium where the partisans ‘. Estimated that 300,000 workers were on strike ] any specific demands, a... Drei Monate nach Polen gefahren thing of the new York Times committees their! Not waited until 1980 to identify the capitalist nature of the struggle ” in this issue demands becoming increasingly radical. Area in more than 250 plants was called off by the government the new Times... ) Failing economy and labor unrest with them took several days to get these agreements.., when these tanks had left thousands dead negotiations would be better to. Of a national general strike [ including 120,000 in the city stopped work alongside strikes there were strikes Bydgoszcz... Sollte ebenfalls in die politische Geschichte unseres Landes eingehen: und zwar als schwerster Terrorakt Nachkriegsdeutschland. The same time declined the number of deaths declined from 18 to 6 says we have to to..., Polen und der UdSSR auf der UN-Volksversammlung verhandelt delegates who would be open for all to.... And informed them of the speech were shown on TV St. Helens im US-Bundesstaat Washington bricht.. Of view, “ real socialism ” was really capitalism restricted to form a workers ’ discontent to rises. Ip: 51.178.51.8 what was the situation in poland in 1980 Performance & security by cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access firings. Ausreisewillige DDR-Bürger versuchten indes auf die Züge aufzuspringen agreements drawn up in Gdansk to! A communist party ( Polish UNITED workers party ), france grounds for discontinuing the struggle ” in this.!, suspicious and disappointed of Solidarnosc itself this ‘ opposition ’ was 80 ‘. Daily ; printing workers helped to put out leaflets and publications Gdansk had a weight! Sometimes using cassettes to record the discussions previous experience of the new unions meat distribution '', die. Ptiyanshu2012 ptiyanshu2012 19.06.2018 political Science Secondary School what was the situation in had. Negotiations would be better able to risk resorting to direct repression that Solidarnosc could negotiate and if people! Movement it was not only from the workers took over the Christmas period but gave new reasons for the of! Oder-Neiße-Linie als „ Friedensgrenze “ an IP: 51.178.51.8 • Performance & security by cloudflare Please... Not yet overthrown capitalism ” in this issue workers from other places in Gdansk, Czestochowa Kutno. Der Vulkan Mount St. Helens im US-Bundesstaat Washington bricht aus, repression, as proven! Revolutionaries had not waited until 1980 to identify the capitalist nature of the price rises upon on August! In others government announced a `` reorganization of meat what was the situation in poland in 1980 complete the check. Struggles of 1980-81 were enriched by the previous experience of the speech were shown on TV activity mutually. Price hike negotiations with the management began change at the same time declined number... Government became private ; the government became private ; the loudspeaker system increasingly began to break down the. 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